L'arrosage urbain comme moyen de limitation des îlots de chaleur urbains et d'adaptation au changement climatique : Etude des effets rafraîchissants et de sa consommation d'eau à Paris

摘要

This dissertation examines pavement-watering as a cooling strategy for cities seeking to reduce the intensity of their urban heat island (UHI) and/or as an adaptation tool against increasing heat wave frequency and intensity resulting from climate change. This research is based on measurements obtained from a field experiment of pavement-watering conducted at two sites in Paris, France over the summers of 2013 and 2014.First, an analysis method was developed to determine the method’s microclimatic effects in the field. Air temperature, relative humidity and mean radiant temperature effects were investigated as well as pedestrian thermal comfort usingthe Universal Thermal Climate Index and UHI-mitigation. Second, the thermal effects of pavement-watering were determined, including surface temperature as well as pavement heat flux and temperature 5 cm deep. Finally, the water footprint of pavement-watering was determined based on a linear relationship found between pavement heat flux and solar irradiance. In addition, possible improvements for the watering method were determined and discussed.The research provides useful information for decision-makers considering pavement-watering as part of their heat-wave adaptation and/or UHI-mitigation strategy. Future work should focus on the effects of different materials and street configurations on pavement-watering cooling as well as cumulative effects arising from watering large areas rather than a single street portion. Certain methodological aspects also require further investigation and may be improved.