Data centers are facilities that house a large numbers of computer equipment. More than 99% of the electrical power consumed by the electronic components is converted into heat. To ensure their good working, it is necessary to keep them under their recommended temperatures. This is mainly achieved by the use of air conditioning systems which consume a lot of electrical power. In addition, the power density of computer racks is constantly increasing. So the limits of air as a coolant for electronic equipment cooling are reached.Studies conducted during this thesis concern the improvement of energy efficiency of cooling systems for electronic rack by using liquids as heat transfer fluids. This approach gives higher heat exchange coefficients and larger cooling capacity with more viable aspects for the recovering of heat from data centers.Four cooling solutions are evaluated. Experiments are conducted on several servers and on a computer rack. A consistent instrumentation helps to highlight the efficiency of components cooling and allows us to identify energy efficiency indicators of the studied systems. From the experimental results, two numerical models are developed by a nodal approach and a parameter identification by inverse method is carried out. These models can be duplicated at the scale of a data center room in order to quantify the potential gains of two liquid cooling solutions.
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