The decrease of heat demands in low energy buildings requires to examine again modeling approaches in building energy simulation tools. The developed approach is based on a more accurate modeling of physical phenomena including the closed loop control between the HVAC system and the building. From the identification of the phenomena that specifically impact the energy behavior of the low energy buildings, some recommendation, or modeling rule, are established for the development of their HVAC systems. Those recommendations are applied in two case studies. Firstly, a dynamic simulation of a building and its system offers a better evaluation of the design power for a low energy building, affecting power demands and energy consumption. Then, a sensitivity analysis from Morris method on a generic representation of the HVAC system identifies the parameters to be accurately known. The difference between the developed approach and an hourly simulation with an ideal control is low for the evaluation of the heat load in an existing building but it is more than 20% in a low energy buildings. A difference of the same order of magnitude can be identified in the determination of the overall energy performance of the system by a more detailed consideration of the phenomena of cycling, the part load or the consumption of auxiliaries.
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