Applied Hydrodynamics: An Introduction to Ideal and Real Fluid Flows

摘要

Fluid dynamics is the engineering science dealing with forces and energies generated by fluids in motion. Fluid dynamics and hydro-dynamics play a vital role in everyday life. Practical examples include the flow motion in the kitchen sink, the exhaust fan above the stove, and the air conditioning system in our home. When driving a car, the air flow around the vehicle body induces some drag which increases with the square of the car speed and contributes to excess fuel consumption. Engineering applications encompass: applied hydrodynamics and fluid transport in pipes and canals, environmental processes and transportation (cars, ships, aircrafts), hydraulic and coastal structures, wind flow around buildings, aerodynamics fluid circulations in lakes, oceans and atmosphere energy generation, fluid motion in the human body. This advanced undergraduate and post-graduate textbook deals with the topic of applied hydrodynamics. The lecture material is grouped into two complementary sections: ideal fluid flow and real fluid flow. The former deals with two- and possibly three-dimensional fluid motions that are not subject to boundary friction effects, while the latter considers the flow regions affected by boundary friction and turbulent shear. The lecture material is designed as an intermediate course in fluid dynamics for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in Civil, Environmental, Hydraulic and Mechanical Engineering. It is supported in each chapter by: notes; applications; remarks and discussions. Appendices: * major homework assignments (6x) * glossary * mathematics * description of the 2D Flow + software Finally, the work is further supported by 16 pages of colour plates. Table of Contents: Chapter 1 - Introduction; Chapter 2 - Fundamental Equations; Part I - Irrotational Flow Motion of Ideal Fluid; I-1 Introduction to Ideal Fluid Flows; I-2 Ideal Fluid Flows and Irrotational Flow Motion; I-3 Two-Dimensional Flows (1) Basic equations and flow analogies; I-4 Two-Dimensional Flows (2) Basic flow patterns; I-5 Complex potential, velocity potential & Joukowski transformation; I-6 Joukowski transformation, theorem of Kutta-Joukowski & lift force on airfoil; I-7 Theorem of Schwarz-Christoffel, free streamlines & applications; Part II - Real Fluid Flows: Theory and Applications; II-1 Introduction; II-2 Turbulence: an introduction; II-3 Boundary Layer Theory. Application to Laminar Boundary layer Flows; II-4 Turbulent Boundary layers; Appendices: Appendix A - Constants and fluid properties; Appendix B -Unit conversions; Appendix C - Mathematics; Appendix D - The software 2D Flow+; Appendix E - Whirlpools in the world; Appendix F - Examples of Civil Engineering structures in the atmospheric boundary layer; Appendix G - Boundary shear stress measurements with Pitot tubes; Assignments: Assignment A - Application to the design of the Alcyone 2; Assignment B - Applications to Civil Design on the Gold Coast; Assignment C - Wind flow past a series of circular buildings; Assignment D - Prototype freighter Testing.