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Oxytocin, Stress Reactivity, and Emotional Information Processing: Investigating Two Potential Mechanisms Mediating Oxytocin’s Pro-Social Effects

机译:催产素,压力反应性和情绪信息处理:研究介导催产素亲社会效应的两种潜在机制

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摘要

The nonapeptide oxytocin promotes social affiliation in both human and non-human animals. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon require further elucidation. There is increasing evidence that oxytocin is facilitating pro-social behaviour by modulating stress reactivity and social cognitive processes. Two double-blind placebo controlled studies were conducted to further test this theory. Study 1 examined the influence of intranasal oxytocin on the affective and cortisol response to the Yale Interpersonal Stressor (YIPS), a live social-rejection paradigm. Ninety-Six undergraduate students underwent the YIPS, where participants are excluded from two separate conversations by two same-sex confederates. Salivary cortisol levels and mood were repeatedly measured throughout the study. Participants were administered a single dose of intranasal oxytocin (24 I.U.) or placebo prior to beginning the YIPS. The YIPS elicited a significant negative mood response that was more pronounced in females than males. However, no significant cortisol response to the stressor and no sex difference in cortisol reactivity were observed. A significant effect of drug condition on cortisol levels was observed. Participants who were administered oxytocin, relative to placebo, exhibited a decrease in cortisol levels during the YIPS. The study ultimately revealed that oxytocin was effective at reducing cortisol concentrations during an interpersonal challenge.ududThe aim of study 2 was to investigate the relationship between oxytocin and basic emotional information processing in men and women. Eighty-four participants self-administered 24 I.U. intranasal oxytocin or saline and later completed an assessment of the acoustic startle reflex with varying emotional foregrounds. Oxytocin had no impact on the affective modulation of the startle eyeblink response. Rather, oxytocin significantly diminished the acoustic startle response irrespective of the emotional foreground of pictorial stimuli. The results are consistent with studies showing a dampening effect of intranasal oxytocin on the activation of the amygdala in response to emotional stimuli, and further support oxytocin’s anxiolytic effects on physiological arousal.ududOverall, both studies demonstrate that oxytocin modulates the HPA axis during interpersonal challenge, and also the basic startle reflex. It is possible that by dampening these physiological systems, oxytocin is serving to facilitate social approach behaviour.
机译:九肽催产素促进人类和非人类动物的社会归属。但是,这种现象的潜在机制需要进一步阐明。越来越多的证据表明,催产素通过调节压力反应性和社会认知过程来促进亲社会行为。进行了两次双盲安慰剂对照研究,以进一步检验该理论。研究1考察了鼻内催产素对耶鲁人际压力源(YIPS)(一种真实的社会排斥范例)的情感和皮质醇反应的影响。 96名本科生参加了YIPS,两个同性同盟将参与者从两次单独的谈话中排除。在整个研究过程中反复测量唾液皮质醇水平和情绪。在开始YIPS之前,向参与者服用单剂量的鼻内催产素(24 I.U.)或安慰剂。 YIPS引发了明显的负面情绪反应,女性比男性更为明显。但是,没有观察到皮质醇对应激源的显着反应,也没有观察到皮质醇反应性的性别差异。观察到药物状况对皮质醇水平的显着影响。相对于安慰剂,服用催产素的参与者在YIPS期间皮质醇水平降低。该研究最终表明,催产素在人际挑战中可有效降低皮质醇浓度。 ud ud研究2的目的是研究催产素与男女基本情绪信息处理之间的关系。八十四名参与者自行管理了24个I.U.鼻内催产素或生理盐水,后来完成了对具有不同情绪前景的惊吓性反射的评估。催产素对惊吓眨眼反应的情感调节没有影响。而是,催产素显着降低了听觉惊吓反应,而不管绘画刺激的情感前景如何。该结果与研究表明鼻内催产素对情绪刺激引起的杏仁核活化的抑制作用相一致,并进一步支持了催产素对生理唤醒的抗焦虑作用。 ud ud总体而言,这两项研究均表明催产素在治疗过程中会调节HPA轴。人际挑战,以及基本的惊吓反射。催产素有可能通过抑制这些生理系统而促进社交方式的行为。

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    Linnen Anne-Marie;

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  • 年度 2011
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