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Grain sorghum response and Palmer amaranth control with postemergence application of fluthiacet-methyl

机译:出苗后应用氟乙酸乙酰甲酯对谷物高粱响应和Palmer mar菜防治

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摘要

Palmer amaranth is a problematic weed in grain sorghum production in central United States. Due to limited herbicide options available and ever increasing herbicide-resistant weed species, there is a demand for new mode-of-action herbicides for use in grain sorghum. Fluthiacet-methyl is a relatively new active ingredient that inhibits the enzyme protoporphyrinogen oxidase in target plants. Field studies were conducted at three sites in central United States in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate crop response and Palmer amaranth control with postemergence application of fluthiacet-methyl in grain sorghum. Treatments included fluthiacet-methyl at 4.8 and 7.2 g active ingredient (a.i.) haˉ¹ alone and tank-mixed with 2,4-D amine at 260 g acid equivalent (a.e.) haˉ¹ or atrazine at 840 g a.i. haˉ¹. Carfentrazone at 8.8 g a.i. haˉ¹, atrazine at 840 g haˉ¹, and a non-treated control were also included. Fluthiacet-methyl treatments caused 9–38% crop injury at 4 ± 1 days after treatment. Tank-mixing atrazine with fluthiacet-methyl seldom affected crop injury, while mixing 2,4-D with fluthiacet-methyl often reduced crop injury. Generally, injury caused by fluthiacet-methyl alone or in combination with atrazine or 2,4-D disappeared within 3 weeks after treatment. Grain yields were reduced in one trial, when 2,4-D mixed with 4.8 or 7.2 g haˉ¹ of fluthiacet-methyl caused 18% and 13% plant lodging and 24% and 14% grain yield loss, respectively. Across site-years, fluthiacet-methyl alone at 4.8 or 7.2 g haˉ¹ provided 55–95% control of Palmer amaranth. Greater Palmer amaranth control (≥75%) with fluthiacet-methyl alone was achieved when weeds were small or density was low at the time of spraying. Tank-mixing atrazine with fluthiacet-methyl increased Palmer amaranth control and sorghum yields considerably. Tank-mixing 2,4-D with fluthiacet-methyl also increased Palmer amaranth control, but to lesser extent and less consistently than with atrazine. Results indicated that fluthiacet-methyl has potential for use in grain sorghum to combat weeds resistant to acetolactase synthase-inhibitors, triazines, and synthetic auxin herbicides. Tank-mixing atrazine or 2,4-D with fluthiacet-methyl is desirable for effective Palmer amaranth control.
机译:Palmer mar菜在美国中部是谷物高粱生产中有问题的杂草。由于可用的除草剂选择有限并且抗除草剂的杂草种类不断增加,因此需要用于谷类高粱的新型作用方式除草剂。氟乙乙酸甲酯是一种相对较新的活性成分,可抑制目标植物中的原卟啉原氧化酶。在2010年和2011年在美国中部的三个地点进行了田间研究,以评估在谷物高粱中出苗后施用氟乙酸乙酰甲基对作物的响应和Palmer mar菜的防治。处理方法包括单独用4.8和7.2 g活性成分(a.i.)ha -1的氟乙乙酸,然后与260 g酸当量(a。e)ha -1的2,4-D胺或840 g a.i的阿特拉津桶混。 haˉ¹。甲萘醌8.8 g a.i.还包括ha -1,840g ha -1的阿特拉津和未处理的对照。在处理后4±1天,氟乙乙酸处理造成9–38%的农作物伤害。桶混和的r去津与氟乙乙酸甲基酯很少影响作物伤害,而将2,4-D与氟乙乙酸甲基酯混合通常可以减轻作物伤害。通常,在治疗后3周内,单独或与阿特拉津或2,4-D联用的氟乙乙酰甲基所致的伤害消失。在一项试验中,当将2,4-D与4.8或7.2 g ha -1的氟乙酸乙酰甲基混合时,谷物产量降低,分别导致18%和13%的植物倒伏以及24%和14%的谷物产量损失。在整个使用年限内,单独的氟乙乙酸甲酯的浓度为4.8或7.2 g ha -1,可控制Palmer mar菜的55-95%。当杂草较小或喷洒时密度较低时,仅用氟乙酸乙甲酯即可达到较高的帕尔默a菜防治效果(≥75%)。将阿特拉津与氟乙乙酸甲基酯进行罐混提高了Palmer mar菜的防治效果,并提高了高粱的产量。桶混2,4-D与氟乙乙酸甲酯的混合也可提高Palmer mar菜的防治效果,但程度不及阿特拉津。结果表明,氟乙乙酰甲基有潜力用于谷物高粱中,以对抗对乙酰乳酸合酶抑制剂,三嗪和合成生长素除草剂具有抗性的杂草。为了有效地控制Palmer a菜红,需要将阿特拉津或2,4-D与氟乙乙酸甲酯混合混合。

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