Estimación de las emisiones de PM10 y PM2.5 por resuspensión eólica en Ecuador durante el año 2010.

摘要

Particulate matter affects human health; has effects on the atmosphere’s energetic balance, ecosystems, hydrological cycles and agricultural production. Windblown dust represents a big part of the total particulate matter emissions estimated in the Emission Inventories registered for Quito and Cuenca. PM10 and PM2.5 windblown emissions were estimated over the Ecuadorian continental territory during the year 2010, for the land use categories: rock outcrops - mine - gravel, periglacial vegetation, eroded areas, wastelands, bare land, corn crops and Andean grassland. The emission model was based on international literature; it considered the wind speed 10 m above the surface, the threshold friction velocity, aerodynamic roughness length and precipitation as influence parameters. The mean hourly profiles for emission potential of PM10 were determined, as well as the month and annual emissions for PM10 and PM2.5. The results are shown in georeferenced maps. The total emissions of PM10 are 9279.27 t year-1, 42% of which were emitted during August. The PM2.5 emissions represent the 15% of the PM10’s. The greatest emissions are located in the Carchi, Imbabura and Pichincha provinces, adding the 71% of the total. This estimation possibly constitutes the first quantification of windblown emissions in Ecuador and provides valuable information for the concentration estimation by chemical transport models.