El paisaje rural antropogénico de Aisén, Chile: Estructura y dinámica de la vegetación The anthropogenic rural landscape of Aisen, Chile: Structure and vegetation dynamic

摘要

We studied the dynamic of the vegetation degradation in a rural anthropogenic mosaic vegetal landscape of the Aisen Region, Chile to establish relations of origin in space and time between communities and propose series of degradation. With plant sociological methodology we make up 50 vegetation samples. The initial table was sorted using differential species in 7 communities: nire scrub (Anemone multifida-Nothofagus antarctica), silvipasture with nire, silvipasture with chacay, trebol-ballica prairie (Bromus catharticus-Trifolium repens), chepica-cadillo prairie (Acaena ovalifolia-Agrostis capillaris), cadillo-Aira prairie and cadillo steppe, which were compared in their systematic, biological and origin spectra. The initial table previously transformed into a data matrix was treated with multivariate statistical analysis of classification (cluster analysis) and ordination (principal components analysis). Finally using the Ellenberg community similarity coefficient were compared and distributed in a communities constellation. The flora of the initial plant sociological table consisted of 78 species with a predominance of annual and perennial herbaceous foreign species that indicated a large anthropic influence. The following vegetation dynamic of degradation was established: fire scrub is degraded by grazing in a nire silvipasture, which is transformed in a anthropogenic overgrazed trebol-ballica prairie this becomes a cadillo-Aira prairie, which by default ends in a cadillo steppe without human management possibility. We discussed the results and applicability of the using methods.