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The importance of crop residue management in maintaining soil quality in zero tillage systems; A comparison between long-term trials in rainfed and irrigated wheat systems

机译:作物残渣管理在维持零耕作系统的土壤质量中的重要性;雨养和灌溉小麦系统的长期试验之间的比较

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摘要

CIMMYT is committed to improving livelihoods in developing countries by improving the productivity and profitability of farming systems while sustaining natural resources. This paper focuses on the influence of crop residue management on soil quality in zero till systems and includes results from two long-term trials established in the early 1990’s in different agro-ecological systems in Mexico: (1) a low-input, semi-arid, rainfed system in the rainfed central highlands (2240 masl) with zero tillage on the flat and (2) a high-input, arid, irrigated system in the northwestern part of the country with zero tilled permanent raised beds. In both zero till systems, the (partial) retention of the crop residues was necessary to maintain soil quality. In the rainfed semi-arid zero tillage system, mean weight diameter obtained by dry sieving, aggregate stability, infiltration, soil moisture content, soil microbial biomass and nutrient status were lower with residue removal than with residue retention. In the irrigated permanent raised bed system, burning of all crop residues resulted in a degradation of soil structure, lower direct infiltration, irrigation efficiency, soil moisture content, soil microbial biomass, lower total N and greater soil sodicity as compared to retaining crop residue at the surface. Practices with partial retention of crop residue showed soil quality similar to practices with retention of all residues. The retention of at least part of the crop residue is essential for the sustainability of zero till systems, although it may be possible to remove part of the residue for other uses, especially in irrigated conditions where biomass production is high.
机译:CIMMYT致力于通过在维持自然资源的同时提高农业系统的生产力和盈利能力来改善发展中国家的生计。本文着重于零耕作制度下农作物残留管理对土壤质量的影响,并包括1990年代初期在墨西哥不同农业生态系统中建立的两项长期试验的结果:(1)低投入,半投入雨养中央高地的干旱雨养系统(2240马斯拉),单位耕地零耕种;(2)该国西北部的高投入干旱灌溉系统,耕种永久性零耕床为零。在两个零耕系统中,作物残渣的(部分)保留对于保持土壤质量是必要的。在雨养半干旱零耕作系统中,通过去除残渣获得的平均重量直径,集料稳定性,入渗量,土壤水分,土壤微生物量和养分状况均低于去除残渣。在灌溉的永久性高架床系统中,与保留作物残渣相比,所有作物残渣的燃烧都会导致土壤结构退化,直接渗透,灌溉效率,土壤水分,土壤微生物量,总氮含量降低和土壤碱度降低。表面。保留部分农作物残余物的做法表明土壤质量类似于保留所有残留物的做法。保留至少一部分农作物残余物对于零耕系统的可持续性至关重要,尽管可以去除部分残余物以用于其他用途,尤其是在生物质产量高的灌溉条件下。

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