Governments worldwide are starting to give incentives to promote the use of (hybrid) electrical vehicles to achieve cleaner and more energy-efficient road transport with a low carbon footprint. Through tax/VAT reductions and free additional services — such as free parking, and/or battery charging or lower traffic congestion taxes — private users, public organizations and car fleet operators are stimulated to adopt the plug-in (hybrid) electrical vehicle (PHEV). This upcoming breakthrough of PHEVs will impose various challenges to the power grid, such as a significant increase of the load in residential areas and parking spaces as the limited range requires frequent charging. Another challenge is the seamless driver and car identification and fraud-sensitive measuring of the charged energy anywhere a car is charged. On the other hand new opportunities are created as these vehicles allow the storage of power on a wide scale, and typically offer some flexibility during the charging process which can be exploited by smart charging services to balance demand and supply or maximize the local consumption of renewable energy. In this paper we discuss the main actors involved in the charging of leased cars in public parking spaces. We present a novel service architecture and detail the security aspects. Furthermore we discuss how a market-based smart charging algorithm that is plugged into the architecture can exploit the flexibility of the parked cars to maximize the consumption of local generated wind energy. We conclude this paper with the presentation of a new business model for the smart charging of leased cars in public parking spaces, detailing the different actors and value flows.
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