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Experimental Investigation of Propped Fracture Conductivity in Tight Gas Reservoirs Using The Dynamic Conductivity Test

机译:用动态电导率试验研究致密气藏支撑裂缝电导率的实验研究

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摘要

Hydraulic Fracturing stimulation technology is used to increase the amount of oil and gas produced from low permeability reservoirs. The primary objective of the process is to increase the conductivity of the reservoir by the creation of fractures deep into the formation, changing the flow pattern from radial to linear flow. The dynamic conductivity test was used for this research to evaluate the effect of closure stress, temperature, proppant concentration, and flow back rates on fracture conductivity. The objective of performing a dynamic conductivity test is to be able to mimic actual field conditions by pumping fracturing fluid/proppant slurry fluid into a conductivity cell, and applying closure stress afterwards. In addition, a factorial design was implemented in order to determine the main effect of each of the investigated factors and to minimize the number of experimental runs. Due to the stochastic nature of the dynamic conductivity test, each experiment was repeated several times to evaluate the consistency of the results.Experimental results indicate that the increase in closure stress has a detrimental effect on fracture conductivity. This effect can be attributed to the reduction in fracture width as closure stress was increased. Moreover, the formation of channels at low proppant concentration plays a significant role in determining the final conductivity of a fracture. The presence of these channels created an additional flow path for nitrogen, resulting in a significant increase in the conductivity of the fracture. In addition, experiments performed at high temperatures and stresses exhibited a reduction in fracture conductivity. The formation of a polymer cake due to unbroken gel dried up at high temperatures further impeded the propped conductivity.The effect of nitrogen rate was observed to be inversely proportional to fracture conductivity. The significant reduction in fracture conductivity could possibly be due to the effect of polymer dehydration at higher flow rates and temperatures. However, there is no certainty from experimental results that this conductivity reduction is an effect that occurs in real fractures or whether it is an effect that is only significant in laboratory conditions.
机译:水力压裂增产技术被用来增加低渗透油藏产生的油气量。该过程的主要目的是通过在地层深处产生裂缝来增加储层的电导率,将流型从径向流变为线性流。动态电导率测试用于这项研究,以评估闭合应力,温度,支撑剂浓度和回流速率对裂缝电导率的影响。进行动态电导率测试的目的是能够通过将压裂液/支撑剂浆液泵送到电导率池中,然后施加闭合应力来模拟实际的现场条件。此外,为了确定每个调查因素的主要影响并最大程度地减少了实验运行次数,实施了析因设计。由于动态电导率测试的随机性,每个实验重复几次以评估结果的一致性。实验结果表明,闭合应力的增加对断裂电导率有不利影响。这种效果可以归因于随着闭合应力的增加,裂缝宽度的减小。而且,在低支撑剂浓度下通道的形成在确定裂缝的最终电导率中起着重要作用。这些通道的存在为氮气创造了一条额外的流动路径,导致裂缝的电导率显着增加。另外,在高温和应力下进行的实验显示出断裂电导率降低。由于未干燥的凝胶在高温下干燥而形成的聚合物滤饼进一步阻碍了支撑的电导率。观察到氮气速率的影响与断裂电导率成反比。断裂电导率的显着降低可能是由于在较高的流速和温度下聚合物脱水的影响。但是,从实验结果无法确定,这种电导率降低是在实际裂缝中发生的效果,还是仅在实验室条件下才有意义的效果。

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    Romero Lugo Jose 1985-;

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