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Survival and mammalian predation of Rio Grande Turkeys on the Edwards Plateau, Texas.

机译:里约格兰德火鸡在德克萨斯州爱德华兹高原的生存和哺乳动物捕食。

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摘要

Trends in Rio Grande wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia) abundance on the Edwards Plateau (EP), Texas, have been either stable or in decline since the 1970s. Four study areas, 2 each within stable (Stable Area A, SAA; Stable Area B, SAB) and declining regions (Declining Area A, DAA; Declining Area B, DAB), were delineated to examine (1) both annual and seasonal survival, (2) relative mammalian predator mean abundance (RMA), and (3) potential effects of lunar phase on scent-station visitation. During February 2001-March 2003, 257 turkeys were captured and instrumented with radio transmitters. Survival probabilities were generated using a Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator; a log-rank test tested for differences among sites. Annual survival was statistically different between regions (stable 0.566 ? 0.081; declining 0.737 ? 0.094; X2 = 3.68, P = 0.055) in 2002. Seasonal survival differed between regions (stable 0.812 ? 0.103; declining 0.718 ? 0.130; X2 = 3.88, P = 0.049) in spring 2003. Annual survival results during 2002 were counterintuitive with turkey trend data. Scent-station transects were established on non-paved ranch roads within study regions. Scent-station indices revealed higher (H = 19.653, P ? 0.001) RMA of opossum (Didelphis virginiana) and skunk (eastern spotted [Spilogale putorius], striped [Mephitis mephitis], or western spotted [S. gracilis]) (SAA, x? = 0.0148; SAB, x? = 0.0151; DAA, x? = 0.0042; DAB, x? = 0.0065) on stable areas. Higher RMA of coyotes (Canis latrans) on declining areas (SAA, x? = 0.0067; SAB, x? = 0.0022; DAA x? = 0.0234; DAB x? = 0.0434) suggested a possible causative factor of the decline, but abundance indices were not verified by empirical data though. Lunar phase was not a significant (T = -0.225, P = 0.822) covariate in scent-station visits by raccoons, opossums (new, x? = 0.0111; full, x? = 0.0324), or unidentified tracks (new, x? = 0.0649; full, x? = 0.0375). Nightly precipitation and wind speed probably influence mammalian use of scent stations more so than lunar illumination.
机译:自1970年代以来,得克萨斯州爱德华兹高原(EP)的里奥格兰德州野生火鸡(Meleagris gallopavo intermedia)数量趋于稳定或呈下降趋势。划定了四个研究区域,每个区域位于稳定区域(A稳定区域,SAA;稳定区域B,SAB)和下降区域(下降区域A,DAA;下降区域B,DAB)之内,以研究(1)年度和季节性生存,(2)相对哺乳动物捕食者平均丰度(RMA),以及(3)月相对气味站访问的潜在影响。在2001年2月至2003年3月期间,共捕获了257只火鸡,并用无线电发射机进行了检测。使用Kaplan-Meier乘积极限估计器生成生存概率;对数秩检验测试了站点之间的差异。 2002年各地区之间的年生存率在统计上有所不同(稳定0.566?0.081;下降0.737?0.094; X2 = 3.68,P = 0.055)。各地区之间的季节性生存率存在差异(稳定0.812?0.103;下降0.718?0.130; X2 = 3.88,P = 0.049)在2003年春季。2002年的年度生存结果与土耳其趋势数据有悖常理。在研究区域内未铺设牧场的道路上建立了气味站样带。气味站指数显示负鼠(Didelphis virginiana)和臭鼬(东部发现的[Spilogale putorius],条纹状[Mephitis mephitis]或西部发现的[S. gracilis])的RMA(H = 19.653,P = 0.001)较高(SAA, xα= 0.0148; SAB,xα= 0.0151; DAA,xα= 0.0042; DAB,xα= 0.0065)。土狼(Canis latrans)在下降区域的较高RMA(SAA,x?= 0.0067; SAB,x?= 0.0022; DAA x?= 0.0234; DAB x?= 0.0434)表明可能是下降的原因,但丰度指数尚未通过经验数据验证。浣熊,负鼠(新的x?= 0.0111;满的x?= 0.0324)或未识别的音轨(新的x?= 0.012;完整的x?= 0.0324)的月台相差不是显着的(T = -0.225,P = 0.822)协变量。 = 0.0649;满,x?= 0.0375)。夜间的降水和风速可能比月球照明对哺乳动物使用气味站的影响更大。

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    Willsey Beau Judson;

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  • 年度 2004
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