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Potential Mechanism of Detoxification of Cyanide Compounds by Gut Microbiomes of Bamboo-Eating Pandas

机译:通过竹幼儿肠道微生物解毒氰化物中的潜在机制

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摘要

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens), two obligate bamboo feeders, have distinct phylogenetic positions in the order Carnivora. Bamboo is extraordinarily rich in plant secondary metabolites, such as allied phenolic and polyphenolic compounds and even toxic cyanide compounds. Here, the enrichment of putative cyanide-digesting gut microbes, in combination with adaptations related to morphology (e.g., pseudothumbs) and genomic signatures, show that the giant panda and red panda have evolved some common traits to adapt to their bamboo diet. Thus, here is another story of diet-driven gut microbiota in nature.Gut microbes can enhance the ability of hosts to consume secondary plant compounds and, therefore, expand the dietary niche breadth of mammalian herbivores. The giant and red pandas are bamboo-eating specialists within the mammalian order Carnivora. Bamboo contains abundant plant secondary metabolites (e.g., cyanide-containing compounds). However, Carnivora species, including the giant panda, have deficient levels of rhodanese (one of the essential cyanide detoxification enzymes) in their tissues compared with the same tissues of herbivores. Here, we make a comparative analysis of 94 gut metagenomes, including 25 from bamboo-eating pandas (19 from giant pandas and 6 from red pandas), 30 from Père David’s deer, and 39 from published data for other mammals. The bamboo-eating pandas’ gut microbiomes had some common features, such as high proportions of Pseudomonas bacteria. The results revealed that bamboo-eating pandas’ gut microbiomes were significantly enriched in putative genes coding for enzymes related to cyanide degradation (e.g., rhodanese) compared with the gut microbiomes of typical herbivorous mammals, which might have coevolved with their special bamboo diets. The enrichment of putative cyanide-digesting gut microbes, in combination with adaptations related to morphology (e.g., pseudothumbs) and genomic signatures, show that the giant panda and red panda have evolved some common traits to adapt to their bamboo diet.
机译:巨大的熊猫(无云杉莫罗勒州)和红熊猫(云鲁勒乌鲁斯·富尔森),两项珍珠竹喂食器,在肉食病中有明显的系统发育位置。竹子在植物次级代谢物中非常丰富,如盟友酚类和多酚化合物,甚至有毒的氰化物化合物。这里,富含调用的氰化物消化肠道微生物,与形态(例如,假鼠)和基因组特征有关的适应性,表明巨大的熊猫和红熊猫已经演变出一些常见的特征来适应竹子饮食。因此,这里是饮食驱动的肠道微生物群的另一个故事.Gut微生物可以增强宿主消耗二次植物化合物的能力,因此,扩大哺乳动物草食虫的膳食Niche广度。巨人和红熊猫是哺乳动物狂欢节内的竹子专家。竹子含有丰富的植物次级代谢物(例如,含氰化物的化合物)。然而,与草本病变的相同组织相比,包括巨熊猫,包括巨大的熊猫,包括巨熊猫,其组织中的葡萄干(其必需的氰化物解毒酶之一)。在这里,我们对94肠肠球菌进行了比较分析,其中包括25个来自竹子熊猫(来自巨型熊猫19人,来自红熊猫6人),来自Pèredavid的鹿,39来自其他哺乳动物的发布数据。竹熊猫的肠道微生物体具有一些常见的特征,如高比例的假单胞菌细菌。结果表明,与典型食草哺乳动物的肠道微生物相比,竹子熊猫的肠道肠道微生物显着富集,用于氰化物降解(例如,Rhodanese)与典型的食草哺乳动物的肠道微生物有关的酶。调用氰化物消化肠道微生物的富集,与形态(例如,假鼠)和基因组特征的适应组合,表明巨大的熊猫和红熊猫演化了一些常见的特征,以适应竹子饮食。

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