The effect of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil tillage on the productivity of new promising soybean varieties

摘要

The agrotechnical significance of leguminous crops, in particular soybeans, consists in its ability to provide a huge bulk of vegetable protein and less nitrogen depletion of soils than non-legume crops [2]. Despite the fact that nitrogen symbiotically fixed by soybean plants is alienated with the harvest and taken out of the field with organic residues of leguminous crops, more nitrogen remains in the soil after them than with residues of other crops. In this regard soybeans are good predecessors in various stages of crop rotation. The article discusses topical issues of increasing productivity of leguminous crops, in particular, soybeans, when using different doses of ammophos against the background of its placement in various ways of main tillage of drained leached chernozems. In 2018–2019 studies were carried out to establish the influence of the optimal dose of mineral nutrition and the best method of soil cultivation on the productivity and quality indicators of soybeans of the French selection of the Amphora, Mentor and Isidor varieties. According to the results of the research, different effectiveness of the considered variants of the experiment was established. Thus, higher rates of soybean yield were noted in the later-maturing Isidor variety within 2,03–2,30 t/ha for plowing, and 1,70–1,91 for soil disking. The most cost-effective dose of mineral nutrition for all studied soybean varieties was the dose of 50 kg/ha of Ammophos (N6H26) against the background of plowing, where the profit from the increase in yield relative to the control was in the range of 2900–3650 rubles/ha, and against the background of disking soil the dose of Ammophos was 100 kg/ha (N12H52), where the profit was in the range of 1300–2050 rubles/ha.