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A quantitative approach to fluvial facies models: Methods and example results

机译:河流相模型的定量方法:方法和示例结果

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摘要

Traditional facies models lack quantitative information concerning sedimentological features: this significantly limits their value as references for comparison and guides to interpretation and subsurface prediction. This paper aims to demonstrate how a database methodology can be used to generate quantitative facies models for fluvial depositional systems. This approach is employed to generate a range of models, comprising sets of quantitative information on proportions, geometries, spatial relations and grain sizes of genetic units belonging to three different scales of observation (depositional elements, architectural elements and facies units). The method involves a sequential application of filters to the knowledge base that allows only database case studies that developed under appropriate boundary conditions to contribute to any particular model. Specific example facies models are presented for fluvial environmental types categorized on channel pattern, basin climatic regime and water-discharge regime; the common adoption of these environmental types allows a straightforward comparison with existing qualitative models. The models presented here relate to: (i) the large-scale architecture of single-thread and braided river systems; (ii) meandering sub-humid perennial systems; (iii) the intermediate-scale and small-scale architecture of dryland, braided ephemeral systems; (iv) the small-scale architecture of sandy meandering systems; and (v) individual architectural features of a specific sedimentary environment (a terminal fluvial system) and its sub-environments (architectural elements). Although the quantification of architectural properties represents the main advantage over qualitative facies models, other improvements include the capacity: (i) to model on different scales of interest; (ii) to categorize the model on a variety of environmental classes; (iii) to perform an objective synthesis of many real-world case studies; (iv) to include variability-related and knowledge-related uncertainty in the model; and (v) to assess the role of preservation potential by comparing ancient-system and modern-system data input to the model.
机译:传统的相模型缺乏有关沉积学特征的定量信息:这大大限制了它们作为比较参考以及解释和地下预测指南的价值。本文旨在说明如何使用数据库方法为河流沉积系统生成定量相模型。该方法用于生成一系列模型,包括有关属于三种不同观测尺度(沉积元素,建筑元素和相单元)的遗传单位的比例,几何形状,空间关系和晶粒大小的定量信息集。该方法涉及对知识库的顺序应用过滤器,该过滤器仅允许在适当边界条件下开发的数据库案例研究对任何特定模型有所贡献。给出了针对河流环境类型的具体示例相模型,这些河流类型根据航道模式,流域气候状况和排水状况分类;这些环境类型的普遍采用可以与现有的定性模型进行直接比较。这里介绍的模型涉及:(i)单线和编织河流系统的大规模体系结构; (ii)蜿蜒的半湿多年生系统; (iii)旱地中短程编织的短暂系统; (iv)沙曲系统的小规模建筑; (v)特定沉积环境(终生河流系统)及其子环境(建筑元素)的个别建筑特征。尽管对建筑属性的量化代表了优于定性相模型的主要优势,但其他改进包括:(i)在不同规模的模型上进行建模; (ii)根据各种环境类别对模型进行分类; (iii)对许多实际案例进行客观综合; (iv)在模型中包括与可变性有关和与知识有关的不确定性; (v)通过将古代系统数据和现代系统数据输入模型进行比较,评估保护潜力的作用。

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