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Airborne DOAS retrievals of methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor concentrations at high spatial resolution: application to AVIRIS-NG

机译:机载DOAS以高空间分辨率获取甲烷,二氧化碳和水蒸气浓度的方法:在AVIRIS-NG中的应用

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摘要

At local scales, emissions of methane and carbon dioxideare highly uncertain. Localized sources of both trace gases can createstrong local gradients in its columnar abundance, which can be discerned using absorption spectroscopy at high spatial resolution. Ina previous study, more than 250 methane plumes were observed in the San Juan Basin near Four Corners during April 2015 using the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) and a linearized matched filter. For the first time, we applythe iterative maximum a posteriori differential optical absorption spectroscopy (IMAP-DOAS) method to AVIRIS-NG data and generate gasconcentration maps for methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor plumes. This demonstrates a comprehensive greenhouse gas monitoringcapability that targets methane and carbon dioxide, the two dominant anthropogenic climate-forcing agents. Water vapor resultsindicate the ability of these retrievals to distinguish between methane and water vapor despite spectral interference in the shortwave infrared. We focus on selected cases from anthropogenic and natural sources, including emissions from mine ventilation shafts,a gas processing plant, tank, pipeline leak, and natural seep. In addition, carbon dioxide emissions were mapped from the flue-gasstacks of two coal-fired power plants and a water vapor plume was observed from the combined sources of cooling towers and coolingponds. Observed plumes were consistent with known and suspected emission sources verified by the true color AVIRIS-NG scenes andhigher-resolution Google Earth imagery. Real-time detection and geolocation of methane plumes by AVIRIS-NG provided unambiguousidentification of individual emission source locations and communication to a ground team for rapid follow-up. This permittedverification of a number of methane emission sources using a thermal camera, including a tank and buried natural gas pipeline.
机译:在地方范围内,甲烷和二氧化碳的排放高度不确定。两种痕量气体的局部来源都可以在其柱状丰度中产生很强的局部梯度,可以使用高空间分辨率的吸收光谱法来辨别。在一项先前的研究中,使用下一代机载可见/红外成像光谱仪(AVIRIS-NG)和线性匹配滤镜,在2015年4月的圣胡安盆地四个角落附近观察到250多个甲烷羽流。第一次,我们将迭代最大后验差分吸收光谱(IMAP-DOAS)方法应用于AVIRIS-NG数据,并生成甲烷,二氧化碳和水蒸气羽流的气体浓度图。这证明了针对甲烷和二氧化碳这两种主要的人为强迫气候因素的综合温室气体监测能力。尽管在短波红外中存在光谱干扰,但水蒸气的结果表明这些反演能够区分甲烷和水蒸气。我们重点关注来自人为和自然资源的特定案例,包括矿井通风井,天然气处理厂,储罐,管道泄漏和自然渗漏的排放物。此外,从两个燃煤电厂的烟道气中绘制了二氧化碳排放量,并且从冷却塔和冷却池的组合来源观察到了水蒸气羽流。观测到的烟流与真实色彩AVIRIS-NG场景和更高分辨率的Google Earth影像所验证的已知和可疑排放源一致。 AVIRIS-NG对甲烷羽流的实时检测和地理定位可以明确识别各个排放源的位置,并与地面小组进行通信以进行快速跟进。这允许使用热像仪(包括储罐和地下天然气管道)验证甲烷排放源的数量。

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