Filozofski sistem Dostojevskog (pokušaj rekonstrukcije)

摘要

This text is an attempt to locate, not only the philosophical ideas in the works of Dostoyevsky, but it is an attempt to reconstruct his philosophy as a whole. In this text we argue that Dostoyevsky has a philosophical system, which he builds in his novels. Is it possible to reconstruct a system from a novel, and how it is possible?udThat is why we will try to find a method of reconstruction of his novels that will helps us to “extract” the base elements of his philosophy. That is why the organization and approach in this text is structured in such a manner to, on one side, give a review of the important moments of the author’s personal life which, according to us, were the key factors in determining Dostoyevsky’s philosophy, and, on the other side, enable us to get insight into the bases of that philosophy we showed as a complete whole. That is why the text combining chronological and problem approaches that in turn have their advantages and disadvantages. Perhaps choosing only one approach would produce a more coherent text, but it would certainly impoverish it in relation to the necessary links between life and creative work, which for us is especially important to emphasize. Dostoyevsky’s creative work was born and it grew “parallel” to his life. He deeply experienced the ideas that were artistically expressedudAfter the necessary theoretical distinctions in the first part of the text, philosophical problems are explicitly worked out in the second part of the text. There we are showing the development of the basic ides and concretely located them in the three main thematic areas, where we think Dostoyevsky’s philosophy was exhausted: Epistemology, Anthropology and Religion. According to us - the problem is set in the frames of epistemology where mainly through Notes from the Underground, the analysis of the problems of cognition and antinomies to which the mind comes is made. After locating these issues in epistemological frames and stating that they cannot be solved in these frames, they are moved into the area of anthropology. Here the fundamental problem Dostoyevsky is interested in –the man (to whom he approached from an epistemological aspect by means of antinomies), is set in the light of freedom as a determiner of his essence. Freedom is human essence. At the end - religion shows the final synthesis to which Dostoyevsky arrived. That is the synthesis Dostoyevsky longed for, and that is a solution for his main problem – human existence.ududKljučne riječiudgnoseology; anthropology; religion; mystical realism; antinomies; Deification.ud