This thesis assesses how climate change impacts water resources and communities and reviews howthe resource can be managed in an integrated manner for small water and sanitation providers. Thisthesis was based upon a 10 month Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) between CranfieldUniversity and Water and Sanitation for the Urban Poor (WSUP). The aim of the project was to assessthe opportunities and vulnerabilities presented by climate change and how Integrated Water ResourceManagement (IWRM) is relevant to water and sanitation services for the urban poor. This thesis isbased on two papers prepared following the KTP. The research was based upon a literature reviewand field work to WSUP projects in Lusaka (Zambia), Naivasha (Kenya) and Antananarivo(Madagascar). During the field work 11 focus groups and 97 stakeholder interviews were completed,in addition direct observation was undertaken throughout. To assess the impact of climate change avulnerability assessment methodology was developed consisting of a vulnerability assessment,reviewing climate predictions, preparing hydrology scenairios and identify adaptations. In the threecities assessed, eleven communities were visited of which eight were vulnerable to flooding and fourto water shortages. The research indicated that for water and sanitation providers climate change willtend to exacerbate or relieve existing vulnerabilities rather than create new issues and to adapt, waterand sanitation providers need to increase the robustness of their systems by assessing the impactsacross multiple scenarios. To assess the relevance of IWRM a literature review was undertaken and abenchmarking process developed based around the main principles of IWRM and fieldwork inZambia. The IWRM assessment found that IWRM is generally irrelevant to water and sanitationsuppliers to the urban poor.
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