Environmental Mismanagement on the High Seas: A Retrospective Analysis of theSquid and Tuna Driftnet Fisheries of the North Pacific

摘要

Presents an independent review of the regulatory and negotiated processes that%The paper examines the development in the 1980s of large-scale driftnet fisheriesfor squid and tuna in the North Pacific as illustrative of problems to be overcome to sustain marine living resources and their ecosystem. Operational details of the fisheries, the absence of effective controlling regulations, and catches of target and non-target species are discussed. Both information and lackled to the final approval of the diamond mine proposed by BHP Diamonds Inc. in the Lac de Gras area of the Northwest Territories. Objectives of the review were to document the BHP process and to assess whether the rules in place for the BHP project should become the norm for mineral development in the North. The report is based on in-depth interviews with those directly involved in the BHP process and on a selective review of relevant documentation. After describing key elements of the BHP process, the report presents an overview of six identified themes: The impact of the fluid institutional and policy environment, the lack of confidence among some non-governmental participants in traditional approaches to regulation and decision-making, the redefinition of the role of government in certain areas, the centrality of innovation in the BHP experience, the challenge of process co-ordination, and the importance of inclusive and participatory processes. The BHP process is then reviewed according to such criteria as effectiveness, fairness, inclusiveness of interests, and cross-cultural sensitivity. Finally, recommendations are made for applying the BHP model in the future.