Simulation of Distortion and Residual Stresses Due to Heat Treatment: A211 Literature Review

摘要

A literature review of the numerical simulation of heat treatment was performed.211u001eThe model used in the numerical simulation can be divided into three major parts, 211u001eThermal calculation, Phase transformation and Mechanical response. The three 211u001eparts are all mutually coupled. The parts are investigated and examples of models 211u001eare presented. Theoretical results are presented to show examples of applications 211u001efor the simulations tools. Verifications are presented to show the accuracy of 211u001ethe calculations compared with experiments. It was found that today the use of 211u001eAvrami type of equations is standard for the diffusion controlled phase 211u001etransformation. The generalization to non-isothermal cooling is often performed 211u001ewith some kind of additive law. It is common to divide the simulation in two 211u001esteps. In the first step the temperatures and phase transformations are 211u001ecalculated and in the second step the mechanical response is calculated. It is of 211u001eimportance to take the transformation plasticity and the position dependence of 211u001eheat transfer coefficients into account.