Total Materials Consumption: An Estimation Methodology and Example Using Lead: A211 Materials Flow Analysis. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1183

摘要

Materials consumption estimates, such as apparent consumption of raw materials,211u001ecan be important indicators of sustainability. Apparent consumption is estimated 211u001eas production of the raw material plus the difference between imports and 211u001eexports, plus or minus changes in its stocks. However, apparent consumption of 211u001eraw materials does not account for material contained in manufactured products 211u001ethat are imported or exported. When imports and exports of manufactured goods