Application, Performance, and Costs of Biotreatment Technologies for Contaminated Soils

摘要

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and Development (ORD) has devoted considerable effort over the last two decades to advancing the understanding of appropriate applications of bioremediation. Over the years, research direction has transitioned from substantial emphasis on mechanistic studies to a greater emphasis on evaluation of bioprocesses in the field. The initial research impetus provided the background information necessary for successful field applications, and was accomplished collectively through in-house research studies and cooperative research projects with public and private research institutes. The field efforts are conducted through the Bioremediation in the Field Program, supported by EPA/ORD, EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER), and the EPA Regions through the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program and Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) with companies. This two-phase program has resulted in the development of cost-effective technical approaches to site cleanup that have been validated in the field.