Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections: 6. Closing the Quality Gap: Revisiting the State of the Science Executive Summary. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment Number 208.

摘要

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) as: (A) localized or systemic condition resulting from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s). There must be no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at the time of admission to the acute care setting.1 The CDC estimates that in 2002 there were 1.7 million HAI and 99,000 HAI-associated deaths in hospitals. The four largest categories of HAI, responsible for more than 80 percent of all reported HAI, are central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI, 14%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP, 15%), surgical site infections (SSI, 22%), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI, 32%).2. PB2013-100712 12/cd See also PB2013-102853. 8. Improving Health Care and Palliative Care for Advanced and Serious Illness Closing the Quality Gap: Revisiting the State of the Science Executive Summary. Evidence Report/Technology AssessmentNumber 208. AHRQ Pub. No. 12(13)-E014-1 October 2012 Although exteAlthough extensive evidence supports the effectiveness of clinical interventions for nsive evidence supports the effectiveness of clinical interventions for improving palliative care for patients with advanced and serious illness, many studies have found that these interventions are often not used sufficiently in practice.1,2 As part of a larger review of interventions aimed at reducing the quality gap (the difference between health care processes or outcomes observed in practice and evidence-based practices potentially obtainable on the basis of current professional knowledge), we conducted a review focusing on interventions to improve care and outcomes in patients with advanced and serious illness. We defined the included population as seriously ill patients and those with advanced disease (such as people living with advanced cancer or intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying) who are unlikely to be cured, recover.