Relationships among the Traits of the Perceiver and those of the Perceived in Impression Formation

摘要

Two questions were experimentally investigated:To what extent are the impressions one forms of other persons contingent upon the extent to which one possesses the traits one perceives in the others? When one perceives another per¬son, is the resulting impression an integrated or a piece¬meal cognition?nCollege students were given controlled Information about a series of hypothetical persons. The impressions they formed were measured In a variety of ways.nThe major conclusions were:(1) In general, one's personality traits are not potent, overall determiners of the impres¬sions one forms of others, although there are certain selec¬tive relationships here; (2) Impressions formed of other people clearly tend to be integrated cognitions, in the sense that Judgmental responses based upon then are typically intercorrelated.nThis study is predicated upon the assumption that since interpersonal behavior is in part a function of personality impressions, the prediction and control of such behavior in military or other practical situations calls for grounding in knowledge gained by basic research.