Statistical Properties of Radar Echo Patterns and the Radar Echo Process. The Role of the Kutta-Joukowski Force in Cloud Systems with Circulation

摘要

A stochastic process for explaining the statistical properties of radar echo patterns in a given direction is defined and investigated. This is called the radar echo process. Earlier work by Kessler, Russo and Cole, who used the random telegraph process as a model for the statistical properties of radar echo patterns, led to certain discrepancies. The radar echo process is a much more satisfactory model for these statistical properties and completely explains the discrepancies due to the random telegraph assumption. The new process, being coverage dependent, reduces to the random telegraph process for fifty percent coverage, is wide sense stationary and ergodic, has an exponential normalized autocorrelation function, implies realistic distributions of lengths, and is formulated in terms of conditional probabilities which are explicitly expressible in terms of elementary functions. (Armijo) The classical Kutta-Joukowski Force produces acceleration of a translating cylinder immersed in fluid with circulation, in a direction normal to the cylinder motion. The motion of large thunderstorms has been observed to deviate systematically from environmental winds and the possible association of the K-J Force with storm motions is discussed. (Goldman)