Microinjection of Fish Embryos as a Laboratory Assay for Chemical Carcinogens

摘要

Techniques were developed for microinjection of chemicals into fish embryos for use in carcinogenicity assays. Eggs of the following were injected: gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), rivulus (Rivulus ocellatus), inland silverside (Menidia beryllina), gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Chemicals injected into eggs were diethylnitrosamine (DEN), aflatoxin B1 (AFB), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and trichloroethylene (TCE). Quantification of carcinogen dose in the egg immediately after injection indicated that variation of the dose retained was a major problem. Improvements in procedures resulted in increased mean percentage of the dose remaining in the egg, but variation between eggs remained high.