Pesticide Side-Effects on Arthropod Natural Enemies: A Database Summary

摘要

The literature on pesticide side-effects on arthropod natural enemies has greatly expanded since the 1950s. A database (SELCTV) of the literature has been developed for characterization, analysis and use in decision-making for pest control and environmental impact assessment. Currently, the database hold some 12,600 records containing pesticide side-effects information for over 600 species of natural enemies and 400 agricultural chemicals. A record includes information on the natural enemy species tested, the chemical pesticide and its attributes, the conditions of pesticide exposure and associated natural enemy response, and the literature source of information. In addition to characterizing the literature, all pesticide/natural enemy response data were translated to a scale ranging from 1 (0% effect) to 5 (90-100% effect). Lethal and sublethal effects are presented for many species, pesticide and test method data groupings. Some general trends from the database are that predators are less susceptible and more variable in response to pesticides than parasitoids. Some species very tolerant to pesticides are the spider, Lycosa pseudoannulata, the coccinellid, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, and the chrysopid, Chrysopa carnea. Insecticides are the most toxic pesticide class to predators and parasitoids, followed by herbicides, acaricides and fungicides, respectively. Among insecticide classes, a trend of increasing toxicity to natural enemies is present from the early inorganics to the synthetic pyrethroids.