Development of Toxicity Benchmarks for Nitrogen-based Energetic Materials for the Enchytraeid Worm, Enchytraeus crypticus.

摘要

We investigated individual toxicities of nitrogen-based energetic materials (EMs) 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2-amino-3,6-dinitrotoluene (2- ADNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT), nitroglycerin (NG), and octahydro-1, 3,5,7-tetranitro- 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) to the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus using the Enchytraeid Reproduction Test (ISO 16387:2004). Studies were designed to generate ecotoxicological benchmarks for developing the ecological soil screening levels (Eco-SSLs) for risk assessments of contaminated soils, and to identify and characterize the predominant soil physicochemical parameters that affect the toxicity of 2,4-DNT to E. crypticus. Soils with a wide range of physicochemical parameters included: Teller sandy loam, Sassafras sandy loam, Kirkland loam, and Webster clay loam. Reproduction EC50 values (mg kg 1) for EMs weathered-and-aged (W-A) in sandy loam soils were 27 (2,4-DNT), 37 (4-ADNT), 103 (2-ADNT), 146 (NG), and >10,208 (HMX). Reproduction toxicity of 2,4-DNT W-A in soil, based on EC50 values, correlated strongly with soil organic matter and clay contents. Toxicity benchmarks established in TSL and SSL have been submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Eco-SSL Workgroup for use in developing soil invertebrate-based Eco-SSLs for 2,4-DNT, 2-ADNT, 4-ADNT, and NG.