U.S. and Australian Relationship Into the Twenty-First Century

摘要

This monograph examines the U.S.-Australian relationship as the world approaches the twenty-first century. The relationship was initially formalized with the ANZUS treaty of 1951 and although global circumstances have changed the alliance remains the centerpiece of Australian defense strategy and U.S. regional engagement within the Asian Pacific. In 1972, President Nixon articulated the Guam doctrine, which required all U.S. treaty partners to provide for their own defense. This doctrine forced Australia to review its defense strategy, and over the next 25 years, Australia developed a comprehensive strategic defense policy. Policy papers (called 'White Papers') gradually shifted Australia's strategy from forward defense as a member of a U. S. led coalition to depth in defense and finally to self-reliance. As this metamorphosis occurred the U.S. linkage remained strong. Whether fighting as part of a coalition led by the U.S., or relying on U.S. logistical support Australia remains tied to the U.S. in defense matters. The reliance on U.S. support creates a dilemma for Australia. While it attempts to be seen as an Asian neighbor its close Western association has excluded it from key regional forums.