Distance Bounding Protocols: Authentication Logic Analysis and Collusion Attacks

摘要

Distance estimation, that is the estimate of the distance between two nodes, plays of a fundamental part in the setting up and maintenance of sensor networks. For example, a node trying to localize itself, can, if it learns its distance from three or more nodes with known locations, use multilateration to determine where it sits. This computation is a major part of many localization algorithms. Distance estimation can also be useful in synchronization: if node A knows its distance from node B, it can request a timestamp from node B and compute the clock skew by factoring in the round trip time of the request and the response. One of the most accurate means of distance estimation is to use the time of flight of a signal. For example, one can send a signal to a seated node, have it respond, and then use the time of the round trip to measure the distance. For example, Multispectral Solutions has recently developed an ultra wide band ranging radio based on such technology that measures round trip times of packets to provide range resolution of better than one foot.