Supersonic Penetration by Wedges and Cones into Dry Sand (Preprint); Conference paper

摘要

An analytical model of penetration by non-deforming pointy projectiles into dry sand is proposed. The model postulates that an oblique compaction wave in the sand is attached to the penetrator's tip. Sand is modeled by the P-alpha porosity model up to full compaction, then is taken as incompressible. The sand's compaction is considered the most important effect; strength and friction are neglected. The model handles wedges, for which a closed-form solution is derived, and cones, which require numerical integration. For a given penetration velocity, the model predicts the shock angle and the pressure on the penetrator surface. Hydrocode computations agree closely with the model.