Identification and Development of Biological Markers of Human Exposure to the Insecticide Permethrin

摘要

Impregnating uniforms with the insecticide permethrin may result in dermal exposure to military personnel. We identified key metabolite(s) from a low dose exposure using accelerator mass spectrometry and developed immunoassays for them for future monitoring. Metabolite stan-dards were synthesized and an HPLC system to separate individual metabolites in urine was developed. Six subjects were exposed dermally for 8h. Blood, saliva and urine samples were taken for 7d. Absorption/elimination rates and metabolite concentrations varied by individu-al. Average absorption was 0.2% of dose. Serum concentrations rose until 12-24h then rapidly declined reaching predose levels by 72h. Maximum saliva excretion occurred 6h post dosing. Maximum urinary excretion rate was 12-24h; average elimination half life was 56h. 3- Phenoxy-benzyl alcohol glucuronide (PBAG) was the most abundant metabolite identified, but most of the radioactivity was in more polar fractions for which there were no standards. The PBAG immunoassay LOQ was 1 ng/mL urine. Assays were also developed for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, its glycine conjugate and cis/trans-dichloro vinylcyclopropane carboxylic acid glycine.