Aspects of Carbon Metabolism in Filamentous Marine Fungi Microbial Degradation of Cyclodiene Pesticides.

摘要

A nutritional screening of 117 carbon and/or nitrogen sources against marine fungal cultures revealed poor acceptance of any compound as both C and N source, broad flexibility in accepting nitrogen sources, and a very narrow restriction of C sources to a few cellulose-associated carbohydrates. Oxidative dissimilation of glucose resulted in almost total conversion to cell substance and carbon dioxide. The cellulase complex was found to consist of three inducible agents: hydrocellulase, glucanase and cellobiase. Cellobiose was a strong inducer of cellulase. Application of whole cells and partially purified enzyme to various forms of waste cellulose was successful. Studies on microbial degradation of the cyclodiene pesticides aldrin and dieldrin were undertaken with marine fungi, a terrestrial bacterium, and bacteria from littoral, estuarine, and riverine stations. Only Zalerion xylestrix, of the marine fungi screened, was able to tolerate the cyclodienes. Strains of the soil corynebacterium Arthrobacter oxydans epoxidized aldrin to dieldrin and some produced other metabolites as well. Asporogenous Gram-negative rods, many of which were classified as pseudomonads, were the predominant producers of degradation metabolites.