Analysis of Requirements and Methodology for Decision Training in Operational Systems.

摘要

To an ever-increasing extent, the operators of advanced military systems, such as aircraft, ships, weapons, C3, etc., act primarily as decision makers. Such job characteristics demand inclusion of decision training into the conventional military training programs. Within the past several years, the general rules of effective decision making have been consolidated into the technical area termed 'decision analysis.' During the same period, the systems approach to training has established a generalized methodology for dealing with diverse content areas in the design of training courses. This report describes the results of a one-year research and development program aimed at bringing these two areas together in order to define the decision training objectives of typical military systems and to specify ways of meeting them in terms of a set of guidelines for generation of instructional materials for decision training systems. The program is divided into four phases: (1) Job Analysis Phase, (2) Decision Task Analysis Phase, (3) Development and Evaluation Phase, and (4) Documentation Phase. In the first phase, the SH-2F Light Airborne Multi-Purpose System (LAMPS) helicopter training system was analyzed. Based on this analysis, the decision situations that occur during emergency and tactical system operations were identified, and a number of decision tasks required to resolve a selected set of decision situations were chosen. These decision tasks were the input to the second phase where they were analyzed to identify the required facts, the underlying concepts, the decision rules, and the step-by-step procedure that determine the optimal choice of alternatives.