On the Determination of Arrival Times for Sound Ranging. I. Effects of Finite Amplitude Propagation, Vertical Meteorological Gradients, and System Transient Response.

摘要

Several factors bearing on the determination of arrival times in sound ranging are investigated. These factors include the propagation of a finite amplitude triangular shock wave, the diffraction due to the surface and the refraction due to the phase velocity increasing with height, and the effect of the microphone response. Corrections are derived for finite amplitude effects and refraction under a constant gradient for sound speed and wind speed. Recommendations for experimental studies to confirm this theoretical work are included. (Author)