It's for Your Own Good: A Note on Inaccurate Reference.

摘要

In his book Speech Acts, Searle suggests that his analysis of illocutionary acts can be extended to accounts for the propositional act of reference. He wants to give necessary conditions for a speaker successfully referring to some entity by using a certain referring expression in an utterance to a certain hearer. We point out here some inadequacies in Searle's conditions, in particular how they fail to account for cases of successful reference through expressions which speaker (and hearer) may believe are not true of their intended referent. More specific conditions based on the notion of mutual belief are proposed. (Author)