Long-Term Monitoring of Eleven Corps of Engineers Habitat Development Field Sites Built of Dredged Material, 1974-1987

摘要

Eleven habitat development field sites built by the US Army Corps of Engineers (CE) on dredged material were monitored from 1974-1987 in response to questions regarding their ecological contribution and longevity in comparison to natural habitats. Seven sites (Nott Island, Conn; Windmill Point, Va; Buttermilk Sound, Ga; Apalachicola Bay Fla; Bolivar Peninsula, Tex; Salt Pond no. 3 Calif; and Miller Sands Island, Ore) were built during the CE Dredged Material Research Program. Four sites (Gaillard Island, Ala; Lake of the Woods, Minn; Pointe Mouillee, Mich; and Southwest Pass, La) were added to the long-term monitoring effort. Each site differed according to the type of habitat developed, location, dredged material substrate, structural development, water and energy regime, land-use potential, regional habitat needs, salinity, or other features representative of those encountered most often by field personnel in CE District offices where dredging occurs. Nine are intertidal, 5 are in fresh water, 3 in brackish water, and 3 in salt water. Two are large-scale, ongoing confined disposal facilities (CDF).