Developing Ionic Liquid Know-How for the Design of Modular Functionality, Versatile Platforms, and New Synthetic Methodologies for Energetic Materials.

摘要

To address Objective 1 of the proposed work, the dual-functional nature of ILs has been exploited towards selective formation of new salts, where cation/anions are varied by structural modification and or ion exchange techniques. New classes of azolium azolate salts featuring nitro functional groups, nitrate anions, and dicyanamide anions have been synthesized and their energetic properties have been determined. As electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., nitro, nitrile) directly appended to the azole core tends to deactivate the nucleophilicity of the ring for further substitution (e.g., N-alkylation to form quaternized azolium cation), the synthesis of ILs with either stable azolate anions or cations with energetic group appended to N-alkyl chains both represented strategies for EIL synthesis to circumvent synthetic obstacles. Special attention has also been placed in developing new crystallographic methods for obtaining solid state structures of low melting EILs. Full details on the crystallographic results have been included in Appendix D. These solid state structures have served as models for the development of new synthetic pathways, achieving target properties, and understanding the interactions in the liquid state.