Development of Regulatory Processes in the Symbiosis Between the Sea AnemoneAiptasia pallida and its Dinoflagellate Symbionts

摘要

Laboratory populations of the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida and other symbioticmarine invertebrates were used to investigate how symbiosis affected both dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) and their hosts. Studies included the infection of algae-free hosts, responses to 'host factors', metabolism of 15N-ammonium and other aspects of how nitrogen was utilized by the symbiotic systems. Zooxanthellae of A. pallida showed distinct reponses to symbiosis: symbiotic cells were highly infective in host tissue and responded to host factors by releasing significant amounts of photosynthetic carbon. Cultured cells were only sparingly infective, and responded to host factors with reduced release of photosynthetic products. These effects were reversed following growth in host tissue. Preliminary characterization of host factors from a variety of marine hosts indicated small molecules with molecular weights of 3,000 or less. Both symbiotic algae and host tissue assimilated 15N-ammonium, but there was little evidence for the recycling of this nitrogen between animal tissue and the symbionts. Algae-free animal tissue was capable of ammonium assimilation. Symbiosis, Zooxanthellae, Dinoflagellates, Sea anemones, Corals.