One might think that the problem of the subject has been exhausted by the debate that has taken place between post-Kantians and structuralists over the past several decades. In fact, this is true enough-at least if one considers the preferred arguments, the speculative arsenal, that has been mobilized by both positions in this debate. Still, it is now widely claimed, in France and elsewhere, that this debate had been overly theoretical, leaving the real problems of contemporary society quite untouched. With the works Alain Ehrenberg and Pierre-Henri Castel have devoted over the past 10 years to transformations in the self-understanding and psychopathological structures of individuals, the question of the subject is now re-emerging in quite a new way, one equidistant from both subjective idealism and the postmodern critique of the subject.
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