Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Oat (Avena nuda L.) as Affected by Mineral Nitrogen Forms Supplied in Hydroponics and Soil Culture

摘要

Plants show different growth responses to N sources supplied with either NH4+ or NO3-. The uptake of different N sources also affects the rhizosphere pH and therefore the bioavailability of soil phosphorus, particularly in alkaline soils. The plant growth, P uptake, and P availability in the rhizosphere of oat (Avena nuda L.) grown in hydroponics and in soil culture were investigated under supply with sole NH4+-N, sole NO3--N, or a combination. Sole NO3--fed oat plants accumulated more biomass than sole NH4+-fed ones. The highest biomass accumulation was observed when N was supplied with both NH4+-N and NO3--N. Growth of the plant root increased with the proportion of NO3- in the cultural medium. Better root growth and higher root/shoot ratio were consistently observed in NO3--fed plants. However, root vigor was the highest when N was supplied with NO3-+NH4+. NH4+ supply reduced the rhizosphere pH but did not affect P uptake by plants grown in soils with CaHPO4 added as P source. No P deficiency was observed, and plant P concentrations were generally above 2 g kg(-1). P uptake was increased when N was supplied partly or solely as NO3--N, similarly as biomass accumulation. The results suggested that oat was an NO3--preferring plant, and NO3--N was essential for plant growth and the maintenance of root absorption capacity. N supply with NH4+-N did not improve P nutrition, which was most likely due to the absence of P deficiency.