IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF FERROUS AND NONFERROUS METALS BY MEANS OF REFRACTORY NANOPOWDERS

摘要

The use of ultradisperse powders of chemical compounds to obtain new materials is of great interest currently. The particle size of ultradisperse powders is no more than 100 nm; accordingly, they may be referred to as nanopowders. In such particles, the number of atoms in the surface layer is comparable with the number of atoms within the volume. As a result, they have unique physicochemical and mechanical properties, significantly different from the properties of massive materials of the same composition; these properties may influence the quality of parts obtained from such nanopowders. Resolution 7 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (issued on 13 January 1998) includes work on nanoparticles and nanocrystalline materials among the prioritized directions of fundamental research [1]. In the United States, 497 million dollars was invested in nanotechnology research in 2001 [2], while nanotechnology applications represent a huge business in Germany [3].