Achieving weight reduction in metal parts for the automotive industry requires forming of lightweight and high-strength materials at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. This requirement presents challenges in material characterization and formability, lubrication, die materials and design, process simulation and prediction of springback, press design and operation, and quality control. As a result, the stamping industry is faced with inconsistency of incoming material properties, fracture during forming, higher contact pressure and temperature rise at the sheet/die interface, higher die wear leading to reduced tool life, higher forming load/ press capacity, and large springback leading to dimensional inaccuracy in the formed part.
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