Comparison between surge irrigation and conventional furrow irrigation for covered black tobacco cultivation in a Ferralsol soil

摘要

Over 51.000 ha of low yield tobacco were harvested in the year 2000 2001 in Cuba. Since the Union of Tobacco Enterprises plans to increase this area to 72,000 ha of tobacco in 2005, where most of these new areas will be irrigated with surface irrigation, then the introduction of new irrigation technologies is an important premise to achieve high yield productions. Because of this, some field evaluations of furrow irrigation with continuous and intermittent flow applications were carried out on a plotbelonging to the Citricos Ciego de Avila enterprise, in the Ceballos municipality of the Ciego de Avila province, Cuba. The objective of these field evaluations was to compare the hydraulic behavior of different water management strategies of furrowirrigation for the cultivation of black tobacco in a Ferralsol soil, using a surface irrigation simulation model. The intermittent application of water considerably reduced the infiltration capacity of the soil. Likewise, the influence of soil water content and furrow wetted peri meter on infiltration parameters was corroborated. The surge flow furrow irrigation with variable time cycles increased the application efficiency by more than six fold, and the water volume was reduced by more than 80% compared to continuous irrigation. The largest rises in distribution uniformity and reductions in percolation losses were obtained with a furrow length of 200 m and a discharge of 1 L s~(-1). respectively.