Introduction

摘要

Management of GU malignancies is based on tumor histology and disease stage. Surgical interventions and treatment options for GU cancers vary greatly depending on tumor grade, staging, and patient co-morbidities. Presumptive clinical stage determines initial diagnostic work-up and primary surgical intervention. Understanding the pathologic differences in GU malignancies can be challenging, Wood and Zhou provide information to assist oncology nurses in educating patients about overall disease management and to support the treatment decision-making process. Tyler provides a review of urothelial cancers that include the upper urothelial tract, renal pelvis, and bladder. Advances in surgical techniques have improved surgical outcomes and quality of life for many patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. Maximizing quality of life for patients must focus on education and psychosocial support for both the patient and significant other that must begin before surgical intervention. Lester emphasizes that nurses must be aware of the options for urinary diversions, including the risks, benefits, and potential complications associated with various procedures that should be included when teaching patients and family members about the management of urinary diversion.