Changes and training adaptations of the neuromuscular system during ageing (E?volution et adaptations a? l'entrai?nement du syste?me neuromusculaire au cours du vieillissement)

摘要

Aim: The aim of this paper is to review our scientific knowledge of the age-related effect on the neuromuscular system and its adaptation capacity to strength training. Current: In addition to the loss of muscle strength and mass, senescence is associated with a reduced number of motoneurones and profound motor unit remodelling. These changes have functional implications on the neural control of muscle contraction. Consequently, part of the decrease in maximal force and loss of movement accuracy that occurs with ageing can be due to an inadequate activation of the muscles by the nervous system. Fortunately, the deleterious effects of ageing on the neuromuscular system can be partly reversed by training. Conclusion: These training adaptations seem to have a positive impact on the quality of life and physical independence of the elderly population. 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.