Cartilage inflammation and degeneration is enhanced by pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages in vitro, but not inhibited directly by anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages

摘要

Objective: Macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Their phenotype may range from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of macrophage subtypes on cartilage by culturing macrophage conditioned medium (MCM) on human articular cartilage.