Allelic Variation in Glu-1 and Glu-3 Loci of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum L. em. Thell.) Germplasm Cultivated in Algeria

摘要

Wheat endosperm storage proteins are the major components of gluten. They play an important role in dough properties and in bread making quality in various wheat varieties. In the present study, the different alleles encoded at the 6 glutenin loci were identified from a set of 71 hexaploid wheat germplasm cultivated in Algeria using SDS-PAGE. At Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1, encoding high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), 3, 6 and 5 alleles were observed, respectively. Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) displayed similar polymorphism, as 4, 9 and 3 alleles were identified at loci Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3, respectively. A total of 52 patterns resulted from the genetic combination of the alleles encoding at the six glutenin loci. This led to a significantly higher Nei coefficient of genetic variation in Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci (0.54). The Algerian hexaploid wheats exhibited allelic variation in HMW and LMW glutenin subunit composition and the variation differed from that of hexaploid wheats of other countries. The presence of high quality alleles in glutenin loci have led the Algerian wheat cultivars to be considered as an asset in breeding programs aimed for wheat quality.