In the 3 decades since the birth of the first in vitro fertilization baby in 1978, there have been remarkable advances in infertility treatment. Until now, however, absolute uterine factor infertility remained the only major type of female infertility viewed as untreatable. Absolute uterine infertility is caused by absence of the uterus or the presence of a nonfunctional uterus. Major causes include congenital absence of the uterus (Rokitansky syndrome), previous hysterectomy, and severe intrauterine adhesions. A uterine transplant is the only hope for women without a uterus or a nonfunctioning uterus who wish to become pregnant. Eleven human uterus transplantation attempts have been done worldwide including 9 by the authors, but no live birth was achieved.
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