Effects of various ways of pre-plant soil preparation on potato tuberyields and soil physical properties and soil temperature

摘要

In 1997-2000 based on exact field trials, an effect of autumn (ploughing or frost damaged intercrop sowing) and spring soil cultivation technologies (conventional technology - loosening before planting, cultivation and post-plant herbicide treatment or de-stoning technology - furrowing and stone and clod separation before planting and post-plant herbicide treatment) on potato tuber yields, soil hydrophysical parameters (measured during growing period) and soil temperature (daily measured at 7 a.m. and 2 p.m. in depths of 50 and 150 mm) was evaluated. Statistically significantly higher tuber yields were found in technologies with de-stoning compared to technologies with conventional spring soil preparation, on average about 3.73 t.ha(-1) (in combination with ploughing system) and 9.04 t.ha(-1) (ploughless technology), lower penetro-metric resistance after planting and before harvest and associated lower bulk density of soil (difference on average of 0.03 g.cm(-3)). Porosity values were statistically significantly higher in both technologies with de-stoning (about 1.34% on average of all measurements). On the contrary, volume and relative soil moisture and maximum water capacity were statistically significantly lower in technologies with de-stoning compared to conventional technologies, namely on average about 1.10, 3.45 and 2.83%, respectively. Technologies with de-stoning generally reached lower morning soil temperatures in topsoil depth of 50 mm during the growing period, however, afternoon temperatures in depth of 50 mm were unambiguously about 0.40-0.75 degreesC higher than in conventional technologies (in temperature sum during growing period in variants with autumn ploughing and spring de-stoning about 58.4 degreesC compared to technology with autumn ploughing and conventional spring soil preparation and in autumn ploughless system and spring de-stoning about 39.9 degreesC, in the depth of 150 mm it was only true for combination of ploughing variants).